General information about multiplication of time changes

With occurrence of GIS the thematic map-making has received the most powerful tool of the analysis, earlier, at paper map-making, practically not used. GIS allows to display on a map the movings of objects, change of any conditions in the course of time. The knowledge of what has changed will help to understand, how objects behave in the course of time, to foresee the future situation, to estimate results of activity or spent actions.

Geographical objects can change their location, properties or size. Map-making of changes in the placement of objects helps to understand behaviour character of objects, an opportunity on the basis of the analysis emerges to predict how they will move. Mapping of changes of properties or sizes shows how any conditions change in the given place. Changes can concern change of objects type, for example, structure of a vegetative cover or a degree of a mineralization of underground waters. Or the quantitative characteristics connected to each object can be changed, for example, seasonal fluctuation of a level of subsoil waters.

On a map it is possible to show three types of dependences from time:

     - Tendencies - changes between two (or more) dates or the moments of time;

     - Situation before and after - conditions which precede and follow event;

     - Cycle - change through repeating intervals of time, such as day, month, year.

There are some methods of electronic changes map-making: use of time series of maps, creation of maps of tracking (some positions of object on one map), or display of a difference of values between two either several dates or the moments of time.

Use of GIS Map 2011 allows to look through a time series of maps, as separately in different dialogue windows, and in dynamics, by multiplication in one dialogue window.

The program of the data multiplication is intended for dynamic visualization of the time series of data (maps, matrixes or rasters) for one territory. Having executed creation of the data on the same territory, but for the various moments of time, the user can analyse change of the data in dynamics. Data multiplication is the most effective means of the analysis in case of the time series of maps received by results of cyclic measurements.  

At creation of time series of matrixes and rasters, it is necessary to adhere to some classification rules of the mapped data. That is to carry out such grouping of values into classes that number of data classes and values of minimum and maximum for each class were identical on each map from created time series. In this case graphic data presentation on maps various by the moment of measurement will be identical. For example, dark blue color can be used for temperature below zero, white color - for zero temperature, red color - for temperature is higher than zero. Execution of these rules will provide good visual perception, especially, if it is essential change.

At multiplication it is possible to analyse evidently a situation for each moment of time or date. Use of the given mode allows not only visually to compare maps, but also will allow to determine more precisely, where and as far as there was a change.